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Interviewer: What have you got in the bag?
Dave: I've got a couple of lemons...

Interviewer: What do you have in the bag?
Marge: I have a dough ball...

The question "Have you got...?" is used the same way as "Do you have...?"
The answer "I have got (I've got)..." is used the same way as "I have..."
There is no difference in meaning. They are synonymous.